امتحان قرات 27-4 الخميس

اعداد الدكتور محمود السامرائي حفظة الله ورعاه 

pursue  لاحق

employees  موضفين

human resources  موارد بشرية 

accounting  محاسبة 

Product  المنتج 

specific  محدد

service الخدمات

related  متعلق

 corporation  الشركة 

authority specialist  اختصاصي السلطة 

responsible مسؤل 

Customer  زبون 

common مشترك 

territory  منطقة 

dispersed  متشتت

structure  بناء

 reflected  يعكس

operation عملية

sector قطاع

 includes  يشمل

Community  تواصل اجتماعي

process معالج 

requires  يتطلب

skills  مهارات 

applicants   متقدمين

validation  فاعلية 

treasury,  خزينة

. license ترخيص

develops تطوير

independent  مستقل

operate العمل

separate منفصل

all contributing  كل الماهمه

corporation موؤسسة

profitability,الربيحه 

design  التصميم

11

 Line and Staff المسؤو المباشر 

describe  وصف

contribute يساهم 

directly مباشر

 vertical عامودي 

particular  معين 

expertise  خبره 

endeavor مسعى ( جهد ) 

hired يستاجر 

packaged  معبئة 

regular  منتظم 

 exchange  تبادل

compensation  تعويض 

provide  يزود

 relationships المدير المباشر 

different مختلف 

core جوهره 

production  انتاج 

sales  المبيعات 

marketing التسويق 

 supports  دعم 

specialized  متخصص

advisory استشاري

public  relations  علاقات عامة 

 legal department الدائرة القانونية 

considered تعتبر

consists يتالف 

 executive directors المدراء التنفيذيون

president, رئيس

vice-president نائب الرئيس 

responsible  مسؤولين 

overseeing  اشراف 

entire  كامل 

plans  خطط

 policies الشركه 

 make decisions صنع القرار

general managers الموارد والعاملون 

branch managers مدير الفروع 

 accountable مسؤول

devote  تكريس 

roles الادوار

executing تنفيذ 

supervisors  المشرفين 

leaders القيادة 

foremen  ملاحظ

focus يزكون 

assigning  تحقيق

guiding ارشاد 

matching مطابق 

individuals  الافراد 

require يتطلب

manpower قوة العمل 

training  تدريب

performance الاداء

transfers انتقالات 

promotions ترقيات او ترويج 

-11-

Define line; Line in management is a business term to describe the

administration of activities that contribute directly to the output of

products or services. In a corporate hierarchy, a line manager holds

authority in a vertical (chain of command), and/or over a particular

product line. He or she is charged with meeting corporate objectives in a

specific functional area or line of business.

Define staff; it is an employee contributes labor and expertise to an

endeavor of an employer and is usually hired to perform specific duties,

which are packaged into a job.

An Employee is a person who is hired to

provide services to a company on a regular basis in exchange for

compensation and who does not provide these services as part of an

independent business.

staff relationships; Staff and line are names given to

different types of functions in organizations. A "line function" is one that

directly advances an organization in its core work. This always

includes production and sales, and sometimes also marketing. 

-12-

Top-level management; the top consists of the board of
directors (including non-executive directors and executive directors),
president, vice-president, CEOs. They are responsible for controlling and
overseeing the entire organization.

Middle-level managers; it Consists of general managers, branch
managers and department managers. They are accountable to the top
management for their department's function. They devote more time to
organizational and directional functions. Their roles can be emphasized
as executing organizational plans in conformance with the company's
policies and the objectives of the top management.

Lower-level managers; it consists of supervisors, section leaders
foremen. They focus on controlling and directing. They usually have the
responsibility of assigning employees tasks, guiding and supervising
employees on day-to-day activities.


Staffing; Staffing basically involves matching jobs and individuals
This may functions like manpower planning, recruitment,
selection, training, development, performance appraisal, transfers, and
promotions.